قبل الفراغ

ضمير الوصل

بعد الفراغ

فاعل عاقل

Who

فعل

The man who cancelled the trip is my uncle.

مفعول به عاقل

whom / who

Sub + verb ….

The man whom we called yesterday was our teacher.

غير عاقل

Which

……..

This is the book which John missed in the class.

زمان

When

……..

It was last week when Mary celebrated her birthday.

مكان

Which

فعل

They were in the hospital which is located in the downtown.

مكان

Which

Sub + verb + مع حرف جر

They were in the hospital which Ali works in.

مكان

Where

Sub + verb + بدون حرف جر

They were in the hospital where Ali works.

مالك

Whose

مملوك

We saw the lady whose car was broken.

son, father, daughter ….

Whose

mother, uncle, boy, …

I know the boy whose uncle invented that machine.

reason, cause

Why

……..

I know the reason why John left early.

Prepositions (حروف الجر)à in, on, at, of, for, from, to, with, without, by, over, near, behind, …