Reduced Relative Clauses

• Reduced relative clauses = shortening the relative clauses. HOW? هو تقليل و تخفيف عدد الكلمات
• Answers –> By using participle relative clauses, and we have two ways:وذلك باستخدام الطرق التالية  

(FIRST) Present participle (-ing) for ongoing action.الطريقة الأولى 

Rule –>         Original: Subject + relative pronoun + verb + rest of clause

Reduced: Subject + present participle (-ing) + rest of clause

يستخدم مع (someone is doing something)

Examples:

1. Original: The woman who is sitting at the table is my teacher.

    Reduced: The woman sitting at the table is my teacher.

2. Original: The students who study in the library are very focused.

    Reduced: The students studying in the library are very focused.

(Second) Past participle (-ed) for completed action / passive meaning.

Rule  –>         Original: Subject + relative pronoun + verb + rest of clause

Reduced: Subject + past participle (-ed) + rest of clause

يستخدم مع (something is done to the noun)

Examples:

1. Original: The book which was written by Charles Dickens is very popular.

    Reduced: The book written by Charles Dickens is very popular.

2. Original: The painting that was stolen from the museum has been recovered.

    Reduced: The painting stolen from the museum has been recovered.